Colorectal & perianal
Haemorrhoids
Rectal bleeding is not always caused by haemorrhoids.
Haemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in and around the anal canal. They can cause bleeding, a lump that protrudes from the anus, itching or discomfort. However, rectal bleeding can also be caused by anal fissures, polyps, bowel inflammation or colorectal cancer.
When should you be assessed?
- Fresh red blood during bowel movements
- A lump protruding from the anus
- Itching, mucus or discomfort
- Pain or swelling at the anal margin
- Recurrent symptoms despite medication
How is it assessed?
- Review of symptoms and bowel habits
- Examination of the anus and rectum
- Proctoscopy when appropriate
- Colonoscopy may be advised depending on age, risk factors and symptoms
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the grade and symptoms of the haemorrhoids. It may begin with high fiber diet, adequate fluid intake, stool softeners and medication. If symptoms persist, procedures or surgery may be discussed according to the type of haemorrhoid and the patient’s needs.
